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Hilde Meisel
Hilde Meisel (July 31, 1914 – April 17, 1945) was a German socialist and journalist who published articles against the Nazi regime in Germany. While in exile in England, she wrote under the pseudonym Hilda Monte, calling for German resistance to Nazism in magazines, books and in radio broadcasts. She acted as a courier and repeatedly undertook secret operations in Germany, Austria, France and Portugal, although as a social democrat〔Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschland, ''Der Freiheit verpflichtet. Gedenkbuch der deutschen Sozialdemokratie im 20. Jahrhundert''. Schüren, Marburg (2000), p. 227. ISBN 3-89472-173-1 〕 and Jew, it was extremely dangerous for her to do so.〔Thomas Tretzmüller, ("Sozialistische Europapläne während des 2. Weltkriegs am Beispiel des Internationalen Sozialistischen Kampf-Bundes und der Socialist Vanguard Group" ) University of Vienna, official website. Internetgestützten Lehre (IGL) am Institut für Geschichte. Retrieved July 9, 2010 〕 Other code names she used in exile were Hilde Olday, Selma Trier, Helen Harriman, Eva Schneider, H. Monte, Hilda Monte and Hilde Monte.
== Early political influences ==
Meisel was born to Rosa and Ernst Meisel, the younger of two daughters in a middle-class, German Jewish family in Vienna. With hostilities breaking out that resulted in the start of World War I, the family moved back to Berlin in 1915. They had previously lived there and her older sister had been born there in 1912.〔Knut Bergbauer, ("Widerstand gegen Hitler: Den Namenlosen ein Denkmal setzen" ) ''der Freitag'', No. 31 (July 23, 2004). Retrieved July 8, 2010 〕 Meisel's father exported and imported household goods for a living.〔
According to the Berlin address book, her parents lived in Berlin from 1915 until 1936. Meisel suffered with a physical problem until puberty, necessitating frequent trips with her mother to Switzerland.〔 In 1924, Meisel and her sister, Margot joined a German-Jewish youth group with socialist revolutionary ideas, called the ''Schwarze Haufen'', which was part of the liberal German-Jewish ''Wanderbund-Kameraden''. Margot became friendly with the leader of the group, Max Fürst and Hans Litten, his childhood friend and the ideological head of the group. Margot later became Fürst's wife and Litten's secretary. After Litten's arrest by the Gestapo, as his secretary, she was able to maintain contact with him for a time; she worked tirelessly to secure his freedom.〔〔Cord Brügmann, (''Unvergessener Anwalt'' ) (PDF) Deutscher Anwaltverein, Deutscher Anwaltverlag (February 1998) pp. 75-81 〕
Meisel attended the Berlin Lyceum from 1924 to 1929.〔Ilse Fischer, (Biography of Hilda Monte ) ''Neue Deutsche Biographie'', Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin (1997) p. 43 〕 She then went to England, where her uncle, the conductor and composer Edmund Meisel, was then living and working in London. That same year, she undertook her first activities with the ''Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund'' (ISK), a socialist group that split from the SPD during the Weimar Republic and was active in the fight against Nazism. The ISK established its own press, ''Der Funke'' in 1932 and Meisel contributed a number of articles, writing about the economic problems in France, England and Spain.〔 In 1932, Meisel also began studying art in London.
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